1. Why might a worker resist the implementation of a new technology? Give some examples to support the idea.
Adopting new technologies is essential to sustained competitiveness for many workers.
The introduction of new technology. The British car industry currently produces almost two million cars and commercial vehicles annually. This is a similar volume to the industry’s peak years of the early 1970s but employment in the industry has dropped from 525,000 to 197,000. Before the closure of MG Rover productivity of workers’ in the group had risen from 5.9 cars per worker in 1978 to 25 in 2004. thus, workers need to implementation some new technologies to help them to get the new target. skills we should be learning. Actually, it's also about the fact that there's not really new work as much as there is new work skills.
2.What are some of the possible consequences of asking a worker to use a computer or similar device in his or her job? Critically discuss this.
covenient. to use computer or similar decices during worker's job may reduce the time. for instance, they may not need to do face to face meeting or interview anymore and instead of visual meeting.
cost. internet may reduce some unneccessary cost such as mail cost and telephone bill.
2009年3月26日星期四
2009年3月25日星期三
Third blog assignment
1. Why is it important for business strategy to drive organisational strategy and IS strategy? What might happen if business strategy was not the driver?
Information technology has become a necessary component in any organisation with increasing strategic significance
Successful firms have an overriding business strategy that drives both organizationalstrategy and IS strategy. The decisions made regarding the structure, hiringpractices, and other components of the organizational strategy, as well asdecisions regarding applications, hardware, and other IS components, are all drivenby the firm’s business objectives, strategies, and tactics. Successful firms carefullybalance these three strategies—they purposely design their organization and theirIS strategies to complement their business strategy.
IS strategy can itself affect and is affected by changes in a firm’s business andorganizational strategies. In order to perpetuate the balance needed for successfuloperation, changes in the IS strategy must be accompanied by changes in boththe organizational and overall business strategy. If a firm designs its business strategyto use IS to gain strategic advantage, the leadership position in IS can only besustained by constant innovation. The business, IS, and organizational strategiesmust constantly be adjusted.
2. Consider a traditional manufacturing company that wanted to take advantage of the Internet and the Web. What might be a reasonable business strategy and how would organisational and IS strategy need to change?
if a tradtional manufacturing company intends to change business to electronic business, The economic infrastructure that is used to support electronic business processes and conduct electronic commerce transactions. It includes hardware, software, telecommunication networks, support services, and human capital used in electronic business and commerce.
the business shift to the internet, the structure of the organization should have changes, some of the staff should help to maintain the online process. In this case, the organization may should hire some technique people who are good at this aspect. The business model has changed, so the operation of the organization also would be changed. The process of the new business would be faster than before.
The information strategy also would has a big change. Online implementation need the hardware to support and proper software to make the online process work. It also need a wide network so others can view the information abt this organization. The database would be some different than before, because it is through internet, the record was automatically done by the proper procedure.
3. What does this tip from Fast Company mean: “The job of the CIO is to provide organisational and strategic flexibility”?
The chief information officer (CIO) is a job title for the board level head of information technology within an organization. The CIO typically reports to the chief operations officer and in small or IT-centered organizations to the chief executive officer. In military organizations, they report to the commanding officer or commanding general of the organization.
The prominence of the CIO position has risen greatly as information technology has become a more important part of business. The CIO may be a member of the executive board of the organization, but this is dependent on the type of organization. CIO as a job title originated in the US, but is slowly replacing IT Director as the de facto title in Europe and Asia.
No specific qualification is typical of CIOs in general; every CIO position has its own specific job description. In the past, many have degrees in computer science, software engineering, or information systems, but this is not universal. Increasingly CIOs, especially those from a technical background, are gaining an MBA to strengthen their management skills [1]. More recently CIOs' leadership capabilities, business acumen and strategic perspectives have taken precedence over technical skills. It is now quite common for CIOs to be appointed from the business side of the organization, especially if they have project management skills.
In recent years governments and government departments have employed CIOs and recruited them from the private sector. The main reason for this is that as government departments have modernized their processes they have made costly IT mistakes and now require highly experienced IT executives to cut the best deals for their organizations. One of the most famous examples of this was Richard Granger, who joined the Department of Health in the United Kingdom to head up the NHS National Programme for IT; he shook up IT procurement and upset some vendors .The CIO role is also sometimes used interchangeably with the chief technology officer role, although they may be slightly different. When both positions are present in an organization, the CIO is generally responsible for processes and practices supporting the flow of information, whereas the CTO is generally responsible for technology infrastructure.
In 2007 a survey amongst CIOs by CIO magazine in the UK discovered that their top 10 concerns were: people leadership, managing budgets, business alignment, infrastructure refresh, security, compliance, resource management, managing customers, managing change and board politics
Chief Information Officer (CIO) is a job title commonly given to the person in an enterprise responsible for the information technology and computer systems that support enterprise goals. As information technology and systems have become more important, the CIO has come to be viewed in many organizations as a key contributor in formulating strategic goals. Typically, the CIO in a large enterprise delegates technical decisions to employees more familiar with details. Usually, a CIO proposes the information technology an enterprise will need to achieve its goals and then works within a budget to implement the plan. Typically, a CIO is involved with analyzing and reworking existing business processes, with identifying and developing the capability to use new tools, with reshaping the enterprise's physical infrastructure and network access, and with identifying and exploiting the enterprise's knowledge resources. Many CIOs head the enterprise's efforts to integrate the Internet and the World Wide Web into both its long-term strategy and its immediate business plans.
Information technology has become a necessary component in any organisation with increasing strategic significance
Successful firms have an overriding business strategy that drives both organizationalstrategy and IS strategy. The decisions made regarding the structure, hiringpractices, and other components of the organizational strategy, as well asdecisions regarding applications, hardware, and other IS components, are all drivenby the firm’s business objectives, strategies, and tactics. Successful firms carefullybalance these three strategies—they purposely design their organization and theirIS strategies to complement their business strategy.
IS strategy can itself affect and is affected by changes in a firm’s business andorganizational strategies. In order to perpetuate the balance needed for successfuloperation, changes in the IS strategy must be accompanied by changes in boththe organizational and overall business strategy. If a firm designs its business strategyto use IS to gain strategic advantage, the leadership position in IS can only besustained by constant innovation. The business, IS, and organizational strategiesmust constantly be adjusted.
2. Consider a traditional manufacturing company that wanted to take advantage of the Internet and the Web. What might be a reasonable business strategy and how would organisational and IS strategy need to change?
if a tradtional manufacturing company intends to change business to electronic business, The economic infrastructure that is used to support electronic business processes and conduct electronic commerce transactions. It includes hardware, software, telecommunication networks, support services, and human capital used in electronic business and commerce.
the business shift to the internet, the structure of the organization should have changes, some of the staff should help to maintain the online process. In this case, the organization may should hire some technique people who are good at this aspect. The business model has changed, so the operation of the organization also would be changed. The process of the new business would be faster than before.
The information strategy also would has a big change. Online implementation need the hardware to support and proper software to make the online process work. It also need a wide network so others can view the information abt this organization. The database would be some different than before, because it is through internet, the record was automatically done by the proper procedure.
3. What does this tip from Fast Company mean: “The job of the CIO is to provide organisational and strategic flexibility”?
The chief information officer (CIO) is a job title for the board level head of information technology within an organization. The CIO typically reports to the chief operations officer and in small or IT-centered organizations to the chief executive officer. In military organizations, they report to the commanding officer or commanding general of the organization.
The prominence of the CIO position has risen greatly as information technology has become a more important part of business. The CIO may be a member of the executive board of the organization, but this is dependent on the type of organization. CIO as a job title originated in the US, but is slowly replacing IT Director as the de facto title in Europe and Asia.
No specific qualification is typical of CIOs in general; every CIO position has its own specific job description. In the past, many have degrees in computer science, software engineering, or information systems, but this is not universal. Increasingly CIOs, especially those from a technical background, are gaining an MBA to strengthen their management skills [1]. More recently CIOs' leadership capabilities, business acumen and strategic perspectives have taken precedence over technical skills. It is now quite common for CIOs to be appointed from the business side of the organization, especially if they have project management skills.
In recent years governments and government departments have employed CIOs and recruited them from the private sector. The main reason for this is that as government departments have modernized their processes they have made costly IT mistakes and now require highly experienced IT executives to cut the best deals for their organizations. One of the most famous examples of this was Richard Granger, who joined the Department of Health in the United Kingdom to head up the NHS National Programme for IT; he shook up IT procurement and upset some vendors .The CIO role is also sometimes used interchangeably with the chief technology officer role, although they may be slightly different. When both positions are present in an organization, the CIO is generally responsible for processes and practices supporting the flow of information, whereas the CTO is generally responsible for technology infrastructure.
In 2007 a survey amongst CIOs by CIO magazine in the UK discovered that their top 10 concerns were: people leadership, managing budgets, business alignment, infrastructure refresh, security, compliance, resource management, managing customers, managing change and board politics
Chief Information Officer (CIO) is a job title commonly given to the person in an enterprise responsible for the information technology and computer systems that support enterprise goals. As information technology and systems have become more important, the CIO has come to be viewed in many organizations as a key contributor in formulating strategic goals. Typically, the CIO in a large enterprise delegates technical decisions to employees more familiar with details. Usually, a CIO proposes the information technology an enterprise will need to achieve its goals and then works within a budget to implement the plan. Typically, a CIO is involved with analyzing and reworking existing business processes, with identifying and developing the capability to use new tools, with reshaping the enterprise's physical infrastructure and network access, and with identifying and exploiting the enterprise's knowledge resources. Many CIOs head the enterprise's efforts to integrate the Internet and the World Wide Web into both its long-term strategy and its immediate business plans.
second blog assignment
1. Considering the organisational environments (internal, external and new work) and the technology environments (hardware, software and data trends), what current technologies do you predict will have the most impact on the way work is done? Why?
As we know, there are two major environments within an organization, which is organizational environment such as internal, external and new work, and technology environment like hardware, software and data trends. all this environments may be influenced by many current technologies.
An organization's internal environment is composed of the elements within the organization, including current employees, management, and especially corporate culture, which defines employee behavior. Although some elements affect the organization as a whole, others affect only the manager. A manager's philosophical or leadership style directly impacts employees. Traditional managers give explicit instructions to employees, while progressive managers empower employees to make many of their own decisions. Changes in philosophy and/or leadership style are under the control of the manager. The following sections describe some of the elements that make up the internal environment.
The technology environment including hardware, software and data trends. As the hardware shows that batch processing predominant, online system emerged, and the development of Client-Server computing. The developmemts on software has improved the productivity of in-house programmers, endusers also can develop their own system. The purchasing of software becoming viable alternative to ih-house development. The data trends show the more developed file management, database management and how an organization manage its data. And its also include how the data transfer and knowledge management.
Work is increasingly conducted in teams of people spread around the globe. For example, products are designed around the world and used by people world-wide. We are interested in how people who are working in global teams reconcile regional differences in needs and requirements and create global products. We are also conducting studies focusing on the relationship between national culture and context and work practices that have emerged
information technologies that employ sophisticated mathematical techniques are reshaping technical work through a process that we call intensification of abstraction. The intensification of abstraction centers on the replacement of the physical by the virtual: the manipulation of symbols that represent and substitute for objects. We investigate the impact of this process in the context of automotive engineering design. Specifically, we study the way in which tools that employ techniques like finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics are bringing about changes in how engineers think about and do engineering, changes in organizational structures and processes, changes in the nature of engineering knowledge, and changes in the division of engineering labor. We also trace how these technologies alter relationships between automotive firms and their suppliers and pave the way for outsourcing engineering design and analysis.
As we know, there are two major environments within an organization, which is organizational environment such as internal, external and new work, and technology environment like hardware, software and data trends. all this environments may be influenced by many current technologies.
An organization's internal environment is composed of the elements within the organization, including current employees, management, and especially corporate culture, which defines employee behavior. Although some elements affect the organization as a whole, others affect only the manager. A manager's philosophical or leadership style directly impacts employees. Traditional managers give explicit instructions to employees, while progressive managers empower employees to make many of their own decisions. Changes in philosophy and/or leadership style are under the control of the manager. The following sections describe some of the elements that make up the internal environment.
The technology environment including hardware, software and data trends. As the hardware shows that batch processing predominant, online system emerged, and the development of Client-Server computing. The developmemts on software has improved the productivity of in-house programmers, endusers also can develop their own system. The purchasing of software becoming viable alternative to ih-house development. The data trends show the more developed file management, database management and how an organization manage its data. And its also include how the data transfer and knowledge management.
Work is increasingly conducted in teams of people spread around the globe. For example, products are designed around the world and used by people world-wide. We are interested in how people who are working in global teams reconcile regional differences in needs and requirements and create global products. We are also conducting studies focusing on the relationship between national culture and context and work practices that have emerged
information technologies that employ sophisticated mathematical techniques are reshaping technical work through a process that we call intensification of abstraction. The intensification of abstraction centers on the replacement of the physical by the virtual: the manipulation of symbols that represent and substitute for objects. We investigate the impact of this process in the context of automotive engineering design. Specifically, we study the way in which tools that employ techniques like finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics are bringing about changes in how engineers think about and do engineering, changes in organizational structures and processes, changes in the nature of engineering knowledge, and changes in the division of engineering labor. We also trace how these technologies alter relationships between automotive firms and their suppliers and pave the way for outsourcing engineering design and analysis.
first blog assignment
1. Define the meaning of the terms data, information and knowledge according to Thomas Davenport's Information Hierarchy (1997).
Data: collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
information:.information is a message received and understood
knowledge:(i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
2. What are the characteristics of the above terms?
data:Raw data is used to mean a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices to convert physical quantities into symbols, in a very broad sense
information: relational database makes information from the data stored within it.
knowledge: highest level of 'information' and is the most user-friendly, because it speaks the same language as the user
Data: collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
information:.information is a message received and understood
knowledge:(i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
2. What are the characteristics of the above terms?
data:Raw data is used to mean a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices to convert physical quantities into symbols, in a very broad sense
information: relational database makes information from the data stored within it.
knowledge: highest level of 'information' and is the most user-friendly, because it speaks the same language as the user
3. Give and example for each term mentioned above.
data: it is snowing
information: due to the centigrate degree is minus 10 thus it is snowing today.
knowleage:due to the centigrate degree is ninus 10 , a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds, thus it is snowing.
4. Is there any possibility of a fourth level of Information Hierarchy? Elaborate.
yes. It is wisdom. wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). It beckons to give us understanding about which there has previously been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence of philosophical probing. Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly-known answer period. Wisdom is therefore, the process by which we also discern, or judge, between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is something machines will never possess (or perhaps I should reword that to say, a soul is something that, in general, will never possess a machine).
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