Data: collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn
information:.information is a message received and understood
knowledge:(i) expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject, (ii) what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information or (iii) awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation. Philosophical debates in general start with Plato's formulation of knowledge as "justified true belief". There is however no single agreed definition of knowledge presently, nor any prospect of one, and there remain numerous competing theories.
2. What are the characteristics of the above terms?
data:Raw data is used to mean a collection of numbers, characters, images or other outputs from devices to convert physical quantities into symbols, in a very broad sense
information: relational database makes information from the data stored within it.
knowledge: highest level of 'information' and is the most user-friendly, because it speaks the same language as the user
3. Give and example for each term mentioned above.
data: it is snowing
information: due to the centigrate degree is minus 10 thus it is snowing today.
knowleage:due to the centigrate degree is ninus 10 , a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds, thus it is snowing.
4. Is there any possibility of a fourth level of Information Hierarchy? Elaborate.
yes. It is wisdom. wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). It beckons to give us understanding about which there has previously been no understanding, and in doing so, goes far beyond understanding itself. It is the essence of philosophical probing. Unlike the previous four levels, it asks questions to which there is no (easily-achievable) answer, and in some cases, to which there can be no humanly-known answer period. Wisdom is therefore, the process by which we also discern, or judge, between right and wrong, good and bad. I personally believe that computers do not have, and will never have the ability to posses wisdom. Wisdom is a uniquely human state, or as I see it, wisdom requires one to have a soul, for it resides as much in the heart as in the mind. And a soul is something machines will never possess (or perhaps I should reword that to say, a soul is something that, in general, will never possess a machine).
没有评论:
发表评论